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Colonoscopy and Sigmoidoscopy

Tests that may be performed on patients with constipation may two types of endoscopies: a colonoscopy and a sigmoidoscopy.

Endoscopy

The procedure uses an endoscope (a thin, flexible tube with a light and a lens on the end) to look into the esophagus, stomach, duodenum, small intestine, colon, or rectum. Two types of endoscopy procedures are commonly used to diagnose or treat constipation: colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy.

Colonoscopy

A colonoscopy is a simple test that does not involve cutting into the body. A physician uses a long flexible tube called an endoscope. This tube has a camera and light on the end. This tool allows your physician to see inside your GI tract to examine the lower portion of the GI tract. This flexible tube is inserted through the anus, into the rectum and large intestine.

Sigmoidoscopy

A sigmoidoscopy is a similar test, but only the lower portion, the left side, of the colon is seen. This includes the rectum and sigmoid colon.

Both tests use instruments that are equipped with ports or passages through which air and water can be passed into the colon, and excess fluids may be sucked back. Biopsy forceps, polyp snares, and other instruments may be passed through these ports as well.

The colonoscopy should be done in a licensed facility. The staff is specially trained for this test and, though rarely needed, the unit will be equipped with suitable emergency equipment. Such facilities require a hospital setting, or a freestanding clinic facility, usually staffed by gastroenterologists. Sigmoidoscopy may be done at most healthcare provider’s office.

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